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How build a Bass-Treble Tone Control Circuit Diagram . The LM1036 is a DC controlled tone (bass/treble), volume and balance circuit for stereo applications in car radio, TV and audio systems. An additional control input allows loudness compensation to be simply effected. Four control inputs provide control of the bass, treble, balance and volume functions through application of DC voltages from a remote control system or, alternatively, from four potentiometers which may be biased from a zener regulated supply provided on the circuit. Each tone response is defined by a single capacitor chosen to give the desired characteristic.

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This is a digital H-V or high voltage AC switcher schema diagram, Switching a high voltage AC requires use of opto couplers to isolate the High Voltage from the micro controller. A basic schema to trigger an SCR is shown in Fig. 67 -lA. This schema has the disadvantage that the blocking voltage of the photon-coupler output device determines the schema-blocking voltage, irrespective of higher main SCR capability. Adding capacitor Cl to the schema, as shown in Fig. 67-lB, will reduce the dV!dt seen by the photoncoupler output device.

 Digital H-V AC Switcher Circuit Diagram

The energy stored in Cl, when discharged into the gate of SCRl, will improve the dildt capability of the main SCR. Using a separate power supply for the coupler adds flexibility to the trigger schema; it removes the limitation of the blocking voltage capability of the photon-coupler output device. The flexibility adds cost and more than one power supply might be necessary for multiple SCRs if no common reference points are available. 67-lC, Rl can be connected to Point A. which will remove the voltage from the coupler after SCRl is triggered. `or to Point B so that the coupler output will always be biased by input voltage.

The former is preferred since it decreases the power dissipation in Rl. A more practical form of SCR triggering is shown in Fig. 67 -IF. Trigger energy is obtained from the anode su]Jply and stored in Cl. Coupler voltage is limited by the zener voltage. This approach permits switching of higher voltages than the blocking voltage capability of the output device of the photon coupler. To reduce the power losses in Rl and to obtain shorter time constants for charging Cl, the zener diode is used instead of a resistor. A guide for selecting the component values would consist of the following steps: Choose Cl in a range of 0.05 to 1 p.F.

The maximum value might be limited by the recharging time constant (RL + R1) C1 while the minimum value will be set by the minimum pulse width required to ensure SCR latching. R2 is determined from peak gate current limits, if applicable, and minimum pulse width requirements. Select a zener diode. A 25-V zener is a practical value, since this will meet the usual gate requirement of 20 V and 20 0. This diode will also eliminate spurious triggering because of voltage transients. Photon coupler triggering is ideal for the SCR`s driving inductive loads. By ensuring that the LASCR latches on, it can supply gate current to SCRl until it stays on.

This is 1998 Ford f800 Wiring Diagram: power distribution, indicator, air switch, switch closed, diesel, switch testing, buzzer module, engine alarm, stihes.

This is a Soldering Station Weller 40 Watts Circuits Diagram, WLC100 model, she is one of the simplest, however very efficient, ideal for those who want to build a small soldering station. The Weller WLC100 as the main component is a triac which controls the voltage that goes to the resistor, thus making the iron to vary the temperature. He is a very robust Soldering station has a power ranging from 5-40 watts uses the tips (SPG40) and resistance (HE40), ideal for hobbyists, students, and hobbyists. 

This is 1998 Chevrolet Suburban 1500 Wirng Diagram: headlight, beam, derect, horn, conv centr, switch, marker, battery, blu fuse, neutral switch, dimmer, ignition coil, module, air actuator, coolant sensor, pump connector, thotile, oxigen, map, windshield, alternator.

Simple Active Crossover Circuit Diagram with TL074. An audio source, like a mixer, preamp, EQ, or a recorder, is fed to the input of the Electronic Crossover Circuit. This signal is either AC or coupling, depending on the setting of switch 51, the non-inverting input of buffer amplifier Ul-a, a section of a quad BIFET, low amp TL074 noise made by Texas Instruments op. 

This stage has a gain of 2, and its output is distributed to both a low pass filter made by R4, R5, C2, C3, and Uld op-amp, and a high-pass filter made by R6, R7, C4, C5, and op amp ULC. These are12 dB / octave Butter worth filters. The response of the Butter worth filter was chosen because it gives the best compromise between the damping and phase. 

The values of capacitors and resistors varies depending on the selected connection that your device works. The filter outputs are fed to a balancing network made by R8, R9, RIO, R14 and potentiometer RLL balance. When the potentiometer is at its center position, there is a unity gain bandwidths for both high and low filters. Power for the electronic circuit is regulated by Crossover R12, RI3, Dl and D2, and decoupled by C6 and C7.

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This is The Simple Vlf Converter Circuit Diagram. This converter uses a low-pass filter instead of the usual tuned circuit so the only tuning required is with the receiver. The dual-gate MOSFET and FET used in the mixer and oscillator aren`t critical. 

 

Any crystal having a frequency compatible with the receiver tuning range may be used. For example, with a 3500 kHz crystal, 3500 kHz on the receiver dial corresponds to zero kHz; 3600 to 100 kHz; 3700 to 200 kHz, etc (At 3500 khz on the receiver all one can hear is the converter oscillator, and VLF signals start to come in about 20 kHz higher).

This is a simple Fog Lamp Switch Circuit Diagram. This circuit recommended to have a rear fog light on a trailer with the additional requirement that, when the trailer is coupled to the car, the rear fog light of the towing car has to be off. The circuit shown here is eminently suitable for this application. The circuit is placed near the rear fog light of the car. The 12-V connection to the lamp has to be interrupted and is instead connected to relay contacts 30 and 87A (K1, K3). When the rear fog light is turned on it will continue to operate normally.

If a trailer with fog light is now connected to the trailer connector (7- or 13-way, K2), a current will flow through L1. L1 is a coil with about 8 turns, wound around reed contact S1. S1 will close because of the current through L1, which in turn energizes relay Re1 and the rear fog light of the car is switched off. The fog light of the trailer is on, obviously. The size of L1 depends on reed contact S1. The fog lamp is 21 W, so at 12 V there is a current of 1.75 A. L1 is sized for a current between 1.0 and 1.5 A, so that it is certain that the contact closes. The wire size has to be about 0.8 mm. The relay Re1 is an automotive relay that is capable of switching the lamp current. The voltage drop across L1 is negligible.  

 

Author : J. Geene Copyright :Elektor Electronics 2008

This is a Simple 1.5V Battery to 5V Voltage Converter Circuit Diagram. Stable and secure 5V DC (at 200mA max) from an ordinary 1.5V AA sized cell. At the heart of this circuit is IC1 MAX756 from Maxim, which is a CMOS step-up DC-DC switching regulator for small, low input voltage or battery-powered systems.

MAX756 accepts a positive input voltage down to 0.7V and converts it to a higher pin selectable output voltage of 5V (or 3.3V). Typical full-load efficiency for the this IC is greater than 87%. Max756 combine a switch-mode regulator with an N-channel MOSFET, precision voltage reference, and power-fail detector in a single monolithic device. The MOSFET is a “sense-FET” type for best efficiency, and has a very low gate threshold voltage to ensure start-up under low-battery voltage conditions (1.1V typ).

The circuit can be easily wired on a very small rectangular common PCB.All connections should be kept as short as possible. If available,try to add a good quality 8 pin DIP socket for IC1. Note that the power inductor’s (L1) DC resistance significantly affects efficiency. For highest efficiency, limit L1’s DC resistance to 0.03 Ohm or less. A thru-hole type standard power inductor can be used. Similarly, the ESR of all capacitors (bypass and filter) affects circuit efficiency. Best performance is obtained by using specialized low-ESR capacitors.

This is a best Frequency/Voltage Converter circuit diagram proportional voltage by the use of a frequency-to-voltage (F/V) converter. Teledyne Semiconductor`s Type TSC9402 is a versatile IC. Not only can it convert voltage into frequency, but also frequency into voltage. It is thus eminently suitable for use in an add-on unit for measuring frequencies with a multimeter. 

Only a few additional components are required for this.. Just one calibration point sets the center of the measuring range (or of that part of the range that is used most frequently). The frequency-proportional direct voltage at the output (pin 12—amp out) contains interference pulses at levels up to 0.7 V. If these have an adverse effect on the multimeter, they can be suppressed with the aid of a simple RC network. 

The output voltage, U0, is calculated by: tfo=C/rei(Ci + 12 pF) R2fm Because the internal capacitance often has a greater value than the 12 pF taken here, the formula does not yield an absolute value. The circuit has a frequency range of dc to 10 kHz. At 10 kHz, the formula gives a value of 3.4 V. The circuit draws a current of not more than 1 mA. 

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Simple Beacon Transmitter Circuit Diagram.This transmitter can be used for transmitter hunts, for remote key finding, or for radio telemetry in model rockets. It can be tuned to the two meter band or other VHF bands by charging Cl and Ll. 11 is four turns of #20 enameled wire air wound, 0.25 inch in diameter (use a drill bit), 0.2 inch long, center tapped. The antenna can be 18 inches of any type of wire. IC2 functions as an audio oscillator that is turned on and off by IC1 about once per second. The range of the transmitter is several hundred yards.

2MHz Square Wave Generator Circuit Diagram. With the values shown the circuit generates a 2-MHz symmetrical square wave. Changing capacitors Cl and C2 to 0.01 µ¥ results in a frequency of 500 Hz. For the particular integrated circuits and power supply voltages (5.0 V), the reliable operating range of Rl = R2 is 2 k ohm to 4 k ohm.